Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops canadian journal. Utilizing beneficial bacterial endophytes to promote switchgrass growth in lowinput agricultural production systems james scott lowman abstract the us department of energy has focused research efforts on developing switchgrass into a bioenergy feedstock, helping to offset the use of nonrenewable fossil fuels and make the us. Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops and their role in stress. Diazotrophic endophytes can directly transport nitrogen to plants. Pdf role of endophytes in agricultural crops under. Seed endophytes are founders of the juvenile plant microbiome and can promote host defense at seed germination and later stages. Isolation and biodiversity of bacterial endophytes.
If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Our longterm research goal is to utilize endophytic bacteria as delivery vectors of products designed to enhance plant protection and profitability of economically important crops. Role of bacterial endophytes in sustainable crop production agriculture is the oldest economic sector in the world, and is more dependent on fertile soils and a stable climate than any other trade. Candidate endophytes were then tested for their ability to suppress ger in modern maize in independent greenhouse trials. Endophytic bacteria are critical for plant growth and health. Certain crop sequences have been shown to favor the buildup of specific plant growthpromoting bacterial endophyte populations. Bacterial and fungal endophytic microbiomes of salicornia. Manipulating bacterial populations in soils and within crops will be crucial if endophytes are to be utilized in crop production systems, and special techniques will be required to do so. Endophytic bacteria and biocontrol of plant diseases. Endophytic bacterial communities associated with roots and. Herein, the diversity and specificity of culturable bacterial endophytes were evaluated in four vegetable crops. Home journals canadian journal of microbiology list of issues volume 43, number 10, october 1997 bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops article toc next.
Bacterial endophyte communities in the foliage of coast. Endophytic bacteria in agricultural crops article pdf available in canadian journal of microbiology 4310. Twentyfive bacterial species from 18 genera were common to both clover and potatoes and represented 73% of all the bacteria recovered from clover root tissues and 73% of all the bacteria. Isolation and characterization of endophytic colonizing. Endophytes are microbes mostly bacteria and fungi present asymptomatically in plants.
Bacterial endophytes for ecological intensification of. These can lead to the creation of beneficial host endophyte. Intensification in modern agriculture using endophytic bacteria employs to neglect hurdles of sustainable agriculture. A better understanding of bacterial endophyte transmission routes and. Bacterial endophytes for ecological intensification of agriculture. Pdf bacterial endophytes for ecological intensification. However, the occurrence of bacterial endophytes is more prevalent in the root tissues as opposed to the aerial plant tissues. Studies of the interaction of endophytes with their host plants and their function within their hosts are important to address the ecological relevance of endophytes. Home journals canadian journal of botany list of issues volume 74, number 3, march 1996 endophytes. Several symbiotic prokaryotic endophytes which have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen have potential in agriculture. These microbes, such as fungi, bacteria, and actinobacteria, establish a symbiotic or parasitic association with plants. Bacteria living inside plant tissues as endophytes can be horizontally acquired from the environment with each new generation, or vertically transmitted from generation to generation via seed. It covers all the latest discoveries regarding endophytes, their interactions with plants and application in agricultural productivity and protection.
Aug 30, 2017 given the observed diversity across the sampling sites, we then asked if there are factors that could possibly explain variations in composition and distribution of culturable bacterial endophytes. Along with the production of novel chemicals, many endophytes have shown a. Growth rate and percent growth inhibition of venturia inaequalis og1510 co cultivated with bacterial endophytes isolated from apple 60 table 6. Pdf bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops and their. Fungal endophytes for sustainable crop production fems. Endophytes are a class of plant associated microorganisms that have shown potential benefits in agriculture such as promoting fitness and stress tolerance as well as protection against pathogens in agricultural crops. Bacterial endophytes ubiquitously colonize the internal tissues of plants, being found in. Jan 19, 2017 bacterial endophyte communities of three agricultural important grass species differ in their response towards management regimes skip to main content thank you for visiting. Associations of bacterial endophyte populations from red. May 24, 2016 bacterial endophytes isolated from plants in natural oil seep soils with chronic hydrocarbon contamination. Bacterial endophytes of perennial crops for management of.
We determined several phenotypic properties and found approximately equal numbers of gramnegative and grampositive isolates. Crop productivity and protection volume 2 dinesh k. Certain endophytic bacteria can provide nitrogen to the plants through biological nitrogen fixation, which is an important source of nitrogen input in agriculture. Click download or read online button to get microbial endophytes book. The study was taken up with the objective of testing whether the endophytic organisms isolated from crops that are normally nonhosts to the bacterial wilt pathogen ralstonia solanacearum possessed pathogenantagonistic activity and to evaluate the selected isolates for the alleviation of wilt disease in the target tomato crop through horizontal movement of promising organisms. We have developed a cooperative research and development agreement crada designed to determine the development of commercial products for control of diseases caused by fusarium spp. Nitrogenfixation by endophytic bacteria in agricultural. This chapter summarizes part of the work being done on endophytic. In addition, speculative conclusions are raised on some points to stimulate thought and research on endophytic bacteria. Seed priming by endophytes and its agricultural applications 6. The motivation for studying endophytic microbiomes comes mainly from studies of agricultural crops.
We challenged fusarium graminearum, a fungal pathogen of wheat, against bacterial endophytes. Endophytes usually exist in plants during their growing stages, but are absent in seeds8. Chapters deal with the various aspects of endophytic. The diversity of bacterial endophytes guarantees that there are endophytes capable of forming compatible associations with all agronomically important plants, including monocots and dicots.
We previously isolated 169 bacterial endophytes associated with seeds of diverse cultivated cucurbits. Role of bacterial endophytes in sustainable crop production agriculture is the oldest economic sector in the world, and is more dependent on fertile soils and a stable climate than any other. Frontiers bacterial endophytes from wild maize suppress. Maize endophytic bacterial diversity as affected by soil. Isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes of. Role of endophytes in agriculture rekha sansanwal, umang ahlawat, priyanka and leela wati department of microbiology, ccs haryana agricultural university, haryana, india introduction. The use of endophytes does not involve the integration of genetic material into the plant and can contribute to a sustainable agricultural system.
Bacterial endophytes have been isolated and identified in diverse plant hosts, environments and in different parts of the plant, including the root tissues, stems, leaves, seeds, fruits, tubers, ovules, and nodules. In this study, 215 bacterial endophytes, previously isolated from diverse maize genotypes including wild teosintes, traditional landraces and modern varieties, were tested for their ability to antagonize f. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from surfacesterilized shoot, root, and seed tissues and sequence identified. Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops nrc research press. Fungal species that were majorly reported as endophytes. Such group of endophytic bacteria was isolated from crops such as. Properties of bacterial endophytes and their proposed role in. To evaluate populations of potentially endophytic bacteria in agronomic crops and prairie plants, a total of 853 isolates were collected over a 6year period from all of the healthy plants surveyed.
Bacterial endophyte antagonism toward a fungal pathogen in. Endophytes are microbial symbionts residing within the plant for the. The main objective of the present study was to analyze and compare the composition of endophytic bacterial communities associated with roots and leaves of. Several endophytes isolated from poplar and willow were screened for their effects on commercially important crops including corn, tomato, pepper, squash, sunflower, and grasses. Our objective was to test whether antagonism by bacterial endophytes towards a plant pathogen in vitro would be predictive of disease outcomes in live plant tissue. Endophytic fungi have been classified into two broad groups discriminated based on phylogeny and life history traits as clavicipitaceous c which infect some grasses and the nonclavicipitaceous endophytes nc endophytes, which can be recovered from asymptomatic tissues of nonvascular plants, ferns and allies, conifers, and angiosperms. Control of toxic endophytic fungi with bacterial endophytes. Endophytic fungus represents formerly uncharted fungal lineages and comprises vast amounts of fungal diversity in associated plants therefore, there is a high probability of discovering potential endophytic fungi with major application in all sectors including agriculture. Plants are hosts to complex communities of endophytic bacteria that colonize the interior of both below and aboveground tissues. At the same time, it has a huge influence on the ecological balance, water and soil quality, and on the preservation of biological diversity. Over the last two decades or so, a number of studiesmost of them focused on bacterial isolates.
Bacterial and yeast endophytes from poplar and willow promote. Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops canadian. Role of plant growth promoting microorganisms in sustainable agriculture and nanotechnology, 2019. Bacterial endophytes are a class of endosymbiotic microorganisms widespread among plants that colonize intercellular and intracellular spaces of all plant compartments and do not cause. Although metagenomic studies on bacterial or fungal endophytes of crop species have been performed 21 23, few reports have discussed the composition of endophytic. Endophytic bacterial strains induced systemic resistance in agriculturally important crop plants 5. Controlling sapsucking insect pests with recombinant. Impact of endophytic microorganisms on plants, environment. Bacterial and yeast endophytes from poplar and willow. In this study, 853 endophytic strains were isolated from aerial tissues of four agronomic crop species and 27 prairie plant species. The plantassociated endophytic microorganisms have promising potential to enhance the crop productivity. Carrell and frank endophytes of redwood and giant sequoia less is known about the role and diversity of their bacterial counterparts.
We summarize the present knowledge of biological control modes of action and use of bacterial endophytes for management of diseases in perennial crops. Manipulation and delivery of bacterial endophytes for. Four replicates for each agricultural treatment were spread on the agar plates and incubated for 7 days at 28c. Role of endophytes in agricultural crops under drought stress. Bacterial endophytes live inside plants for at least part of their life cycle. Endophytes are symptomless fungal and bacterial microorganisms found in almost all living plants. The modulation of ethylene levels in plants by bacterially produced 1aminocyclopropane1carboxylate deaminase is a key trait that enables. The increasing interest in endophytic bacteria for plant health improvement is based on the possible use of beneficial endophytes as.
Role of endophytes in agriculture rekha sansanwal, umang ahlawat, priyanka and leela wati department of microbiology, ccs haryana agricultural university, haryana, india introduction presently, there are nearly seven billion people living in the w orld and this number is undeniably estimated to increase to about 8. Bacterial endophytes in sustainable crop production. Potential role of endophytes for sustainable environment. Within all plants, there is a diverse microbial community comprising bacterial, archaeal, fungal and protistic taxa hardoim et al. Endophytic bacteria represents a unique class of bacteria that can colonize interior tissues of plant and provide a range of benefits to the plant similar to those provided by the rhizospheric bacteria. The interactions between endophytes and plants can promote plant health and play a significant role in lowinput sustainable agriculture for both food and nonfood crops.
Cultivable bacterial and fungal endophytes from apple tissues. Bacterial endophyte communities of three agricultural. In a greenhouse study, 28 of 86 prairie plant endophytes. A very comprehensive list of bacterial endophytes isolated from a broad range of plants is. An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Endophytes are an endosymbiotic group of microorganisms often bacteria or fungi that colonize the inter andor intracellular locations of plants pimentel et al. What seems clear is that bacterial endophytes can offer several benefits to the host plant, particularly growth promotion and protection from pathogens. Our understanding of endophytes has increased exponentially in recent decades. Endophytic bacterial strains induced systemic resistance. Different from transgenic plants, recombinant endophytes can enhance the resistance of the hosts to sapsucking pests without changing other performances of the hosts. A total of 65 bacterial endophytes were isolated from three tissues. Identification and determination of characteristics of. Endophytes are contributing in current and future progresses of ecological intensification. The ability of diverse bacterial endophytes to promote plantgrowth occurs as a.
Composition, diversity and bioactivity of culturable. Bacterial endophyte colonization and distribution within. Characterization of culturable bacterial endophytes and their. Backmana, adepartment of plant pathology, the pennsylvania state university, 221 buckhout laboratory, university park, pa. The bacterial endophytic communities residing within roots of maize zea mays l. The use of natural symbionts such as bacterial endophytes could reduce the need for fertilizer inputs in the growth of crop plants and potentially lead to making farming more environmentally sustainable in the future. Fungal endophytes play a key role in habitat adaptation. Endophytic bacteria reside within plant hosts without causing disease symptoms. Burkholderia phytofirmans strain psjn is an endophytic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria pgpr that enhances chilling tolerance of grapevine plants ait barka et al. Add to favorites download citation email a colleague request permissions citation alerts download adobe reader for pdfs. Plantmicrobial symbioses, agricultural microbiology, sustainable agriculture, agronomic potential. Both recently adopted genomic approaches and classical microbiology techniques continue to develop the science of plantmicrobe interactions.
The endophytic niche offers protection from the environment for those bacteria that can colonize and establish in planta. Numerous studies that have reported the growthpromoting potency of bacterial endophytes on different crops, including rice, wheat, potato, canola, tomato. Growth rate and percent growth inhibition of venturia inaequalis wg158 co cultivated with bacterial endophytes isolated from. Prospects for sustainable agriculture discusses the practical and theoretical aspects regarding the use of endophytic microorganisms in agriculture, providing insights on the biotechnological applications associated with longterm crop production. Recently, we developed an endophytic bacterial bioformulation from a consortium of peanibacillus elgii niist b578, b. Utilizing beneficial bacterial endophytes to promote. A reduction of these harmful practices is required, replacing or integrating them with more ecofriendly approaches, such as microbial inoculation. Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species, residing. Accordingly, the utilization of endophytic bacteria in agriculture proves to be a promising way for sustainable agricultural practices. Impact of agricultural practices on the zea mays l. Bacterial endophytes are a class of endosymbiotic microorganisms widespread among plants that colonize intercellular and intracellular spaces of all plant. Endophytes are symbionts that reside inside plant tissues including seeds. Frontiers bacterial seed endophytes of domesticated.
Testing of bacterial endophytes from nonhost sources as. Characterization of culturable bacterial endophytes and. The number of cultivable endophytes in maize roots or kernels, expressed in cfu per gram fresh weight, was determined by spreading 0. Nitrogen fixing freeliving endophytic bacteria have been the focus. Microbial endophytes download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Bacterial endophytes in sustainable crop production research. Conventional agriculture relies on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which can degrade ecosystems. Walter f mahaffee at usda agricultural research service corvallis, or. Pdf endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species, residing latently or actively colonizing plant tissues locally as well as.
Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date. Endophytic associations with plants have a beneficial effect for many different plant species with some of them being host specific. Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops and their r ole in stress tolerance. Bacterial endophytes isolated from plants in natural oil seep. Exploring the potential of endophytes in agriculture. Pdf endophytic bacteria in agricultural crops researchgate. Pdf bacterial endophytes are a class of endosymbiotic microorganisms widespread among plants that colonize intercellular and intracellular. Role of endophytes in agriculture chemistry journal. There is general consensus that these microbial communities make significant contributions to plant health. The chemical warfare involved in endophytic microorganismsplant associations 7. The plant endosphere contains a diverse group of microbial communities.
Endophytic microbes are often functional in that they may carry nutrients from the soil. Plant growthpromoting bacterial endophytes sciencedirect. Such microorganisms are the key driver to establish equilibrium between growing demand of food for everincreasing population and agricultural production. Clover and potatoes, in a crop rotation, were found to share specific associations of bacterial endophytes. However, compositional and functional responses of bacterial endophyte communities towards agricultural. Pdf bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops and their role in.
Role of plant growth promoting microorganisms in sustainable agriculture. Bacterial endophytes are capable of suppressing nematode proliferation and this may benefit other crops in rotation with the host plants sturz and kimpinski 2004. We also summarize the use of new molecular technologies, such as pyrosequencing and qpcr, to gain a better understanding on the interaction between plant hosts, pathogens, and bacterial endophytes. Endophytic bacteria are coming in class of endosymbiotic microorganisms. Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops canadian journal of. Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species, residing latently or. Bacterial endophytes are a class of endosymbiotic microorganisms widespread among plants that colonize intercellular and intracellular spaces of all plant compartments and do not cause plant disease or significant morphological changes.
836 1279 404 472 1470 338 346 1110 229 265 1008 1127 756 1110 640 643 1490 1471 1308 368 1110 167 234 488 263 17 1426 142 665 331 487 794 841 430 1074